Zineb Kharroubi, a Moroccan citizen living in France for six years, was detained and presented to a prosecutor without legal representation. She was charged with "incitement to commit offenses through electronic means" and, in June, received a six-month prison sentence that was suspended, along with a fine of 5,000 dirhams. The prosecution has appealed the decision. Kharroubi believes her social media posts about the GenZ 212 mobilizations are the reason for these charges. Since her conviction, she has stopped traveling to Morocco. A solidarity meeting was held in the 19th arrondissement of Paris on Sunday, September 27, organized by several collectives and activists in support of social movements in Morocco. The event included two roundtables: one examining the GenZ 212 movement one year after it began, and the other discussing the situation of people who crossed the border to the Spanish enclave of Ceuta and remain stuck there.
The GenZ 212 movement, which emerged on social media at the end of September 2025, mobilized thousands of young people across several Moroccan cities. They demanded better access to health, education, and employment, while also criticizing social inequalities and corruption. A year after its inception, large gatherings have nearly disappeared. According to the Moroccan Association for Human Rights (AMDH), nearly 5,700 people were arrested during and after the demonstrations, and about 650 are still detained. Activists who remain active now focus on supporting detainees and their families, demanding their release under the slogan "Free Koulchi" ("Free them all"). At the Paris event, four women spoke about the effects of repression from afar: the fear of returning to Morocco or exposing loved ones, but also the desire to use the freedom of speech available in France to continue mobilizing.
For activists living in France, this freedom of expression comes with a different concern: the fear of returning to Morocco. Yasmine, who has never been questioned by authorities, now dreads every trip to her home country. Souha continues to visit Morocco regularly, although with apprehension. She fears that her activist activities may affect her loved ones. This fear has led some of her colleagues living abroad to avoid returning, even for important events like funerals or family reunions. The distance allows them to speak more freely about Morocco, but the fear of repercussions for themselves or their loved ones remains. "If we cannot speak, we cannot evolve," one activist said.
Yasmine, from Rabat, arrived in France six years ago to study sociology. Initially focused on feminist issues, the 30-year-old gradually became more interested in broader social and political issues in Morocco. She describes a country where, despite economic development, inequalities persist, and where, in her view, it has become more difficult to publicly express critical views. Nidal, also from Rabat, began activism after arriving in France at the age of 23. Now a territorial officer in the public sector, she criticizes inequalities she links to capitalism and patriarchy. For her, freedom of expression is essential for change: "If we cannot speak, we cannot evolve."
Souha, from Salé, joined the Moroccan Association for Human Rights (AMDH) at the age of 14. A few years later, she participated in the February 20 Movement, which emerged in 2011 during the Arab Spring uprisings, demanding more democracy and social justice in Morocco. Living in France since the age of 22, she now fights alongside GenZ 212, with a focus on defending those imprisoned as a result of the mobilizations. For her, activism is also a story of transmission. Her father, from the Rif, comes from a family marked by repression. Her mother, from Casablanca, experienced the "years of lead," a period of strong political repression under the reign of Hassan II. Both remain committed to various causes, including support for Palestine. One year after the GenZ 212 demonstrations, Souha does not delude herself about the movement's decline in Morocco. But for her, the arrests do not signify its end. From Paris, she wants to continue promoting her demands and, especially, to demand the release of those still imprisoned. "By pushing hard enough, I am sure we will change things."
Moroccan Activists in France Reflect on Repression and Continued Mobilization
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