The Ibrahim African Governance Index reveals a decline in democracy across Africa, with 23 countries showing deterioration in governance, while hopes rest on the continent's youthful population.
Index shows decline in governance
The latest Ibrahim African Governance Index, released by the Mo Ibrahim Foundation, reveals a decline in democracy and fundamental rights across Africa. Sudanese-British businessman and founder of the organization, Mo Ibrahim, highlights the influence of the global rise of "strongmen" on African leaders, suggesting some may be inspired by such models.Progress in some areas
The report points out progress in areas such as economic opportunities and human development. However, these gains are being offset by a deterioration in security, human rights, and citizen participation in many countries. This mixed picture reflects both challenges and some positive developments on the continent.Most countries show decline
According to the index, thirty countries, representing nearly half of Africa's population, showed an improved overall level of governance in 2025 compared to 2016. However, twenty-three countries recorded a decline, while only one remained stable. This shows a significant portion of the continent is experiencing worsening governance.Authoritarian trends in Tanzania and Uganda
Ibrahim specifically mentions Tanzania and Uganda as examples of authoritarian drifts. He denounces violence against the opposition and restrictions on political freedoms in these countries. He argues that winning an election with overwhelming scores while repressing opponents undermines the credibility of the democratic process.Impact of coups and conflicts
The report also highlights the consequences of recent military coups and armed conflicts, which have contributed to the decline of governance in several states, including Burkina Faso, Sudan, Nigeria, and Tunisia. These events have further destabilized already fragile political environments.Call for stronger international partnerships
Ibrahim believes Africa must rely more on its own resources, following the reduction of American aid, and calls for stronger partnerships with Europe, China, India, and other international actors. He sees these collaborations as essential for improving governance and development on the continent.Hope in Africa's youth
Despite the concerning assessment, Ibrahim remains optimistic about Africa's future, placing his hopes in the continent's youth. Already, 60 percent of Africans are under 25 years old, and by 2050, one in three young people in the world will be African. He believes this new generation, better informed and better trained than previous ones, will play a decisive role in demanding more transparency, accountability, and democracy from African leaders.
