College students are encountering one of the most challenging job markets in recent years, with a notable rise in unemployment among recent graduates compared to other workers, according to a study by the New York Federal Reserve. Experts suggest factors such as job loss due to artificial intelligence and a general slowdown in hiring are to blame. In response, there has been a surge in trade schools and apprenticeship programs that aim to prepare young people for careers less likely to be affected by automation. Students at community colleges and four-year universities are also using internships to navigate these challenges and launch their careers. Researchers at The Ohio State University examined two paid internship programs in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, both of which have a strong track record of helping students secure jobs. Despite using different approaches, both programs highlight four key lessons that colleges and employers can apply to make internships effective career launchpads. Many of the students involved come from diverse and underrepresented backgrounds, with many being the first in their families to attend college. These programs can be particularly valuable for young people who might not otherwise have access to such opportunities. Research over several decades has shown that students who participate in high-quality internships are more likely to land job interviews and secure well-paying positions after graduation. However, the number of internship opportunities is decreasing, even though such experiences are more important than ever. Artificial intelligence is reshaping entry-level jobs, prompting employers to place greater value on human qualities that machines can't easily replicate—such as judgment, adaptability, teamwork, and problem-solving. More than one-third of university presidents and two-thirds of community college presidents told a survey by Inside Higher Ed that they plan to expand or add apprenticeship programs in the next three years. However, the number of internships isn’t the only factor—quality is just as important. Studies by the College Impact Laboratory found that internships that combine meaningful work with mentorship and professional development are more effective than those that merely use students as low-cost labor. This suggests that simply placing students in workplaces isn't enough; the structure and quality of the internship experience determine whether it leads to a meaningful, high-earning career. One program called "Drive to Thrive" uses an "earn-as-you-learn" model through partnerships with Ford dealerships. Students alternate between classroom instruction and paid hands-on work, learning from experienced technicians, diagnosing and repairing vehicles, and receiving regular coaching. This initiative reached 635 students at 18 community colleges, including many first-generation and students of color. Through interviews and focus groups, a majority of students said the internship helped them see themselves as professionals and confirmed their career choices. Students in this program were nearly 50% more likely to graduate than a comparison group. Another program brings together clean energy manufacturing students from various institutions for a 10-week internship. The program includes professional development workshops, peer networking, community engagement, and projects with industry partners like Honda and Stellantis. Each student receives multiple mentors to help them build relationships with faculty, industry experts, and classmates. More than half of the participants in 2025 have already secured new internships or job interviews, and some industry partners plan to rehire members of the 2026 group, extending their training and opening doors to clean-tech careers. Both programs identified four key principles for successful internships: meaningful work where interns solve real organizational problems, a strong support network with mentors and peers, an environment that normalizes struggle and encourages learning from failure, and visibility for interns' contributions through presentations and recognition by professionals.