France expands organic waste sorting

France has implemented a nationwide system for sorting organic waste, known as biowaste, since 2024. This initiative aims to prevent the waste from being incinerated and instead transform it into useful resources like compost or energy.

Biowaste makes up a large share of total waste

Biowaste accounts for nearly a third of the waste generated in France annually. It is primarily composed of water and carbon, making it less ideal for incineration and more suitable for processes like composting or anaerobic digestion.

Sorting errors complicate waste valorization

Despite the efforts, sorting errors are common, with some being obvious, like forgotten packaging or disposable cutlery. Others are more subtle, such as labels on banana peels or pouches labeled as "compostable," which can mislead citizens about their proper disposal.

Understanding plastic terminology is key

The term "bioplastic" can be confusing, as it combines biosourced and biodegradable plastics. A biosourced plastic is made from biological resources but may not necessarily degrade after use. A biodegradable plastic can be broken down by microorganisms, though this depends on environmental conditions.

Anaerobic digestion faces challenges from plastics

Biowaste can be used in anaerobic digestion, a process that produces biogas, or in composting. However, not all compostable materials are suitable for anaerobic digestion, and the presence of non-degradable plastics can disrupt the process, which takes place without oxygen.

Improper plastics harm waste treatment

When plastics remain intact in anaerobic digesters, they can damage equipment or contaminate the final products. Some facilities use machines to separate packaging from organic waste, but these systems are not fully effective in removing all contaminants.

Research aims to improve material compatibility

Scientists are studying the chemical and physical factors that influence how plastics break down in anaerobic digesters. The goal is to develop materials that are better suited for the specific conditions of waste treatment processes.