The Kingdom of Morocco holds nearly 70% of the world's known phosphate reserves, according to the US Geological Survey. Phosphate is a critical component in fertilizers, which are essential for agriculture. Unlike nitrogen, which can be artificially produced, phosphate must be extracted from natural deposits, and these deposits are unevenly distributed globally. Morocco has long recognized the economic potential of its phosphate resources and has been working to turn this geological advantage into a broader industrial one. Historically, Morocco's phosphate wealth was viewed primarily as a source of mining revenue. However, the country has been striving to build an integrated industry around phosphate, aiming to produce more locally and reduce reliance on external factors. A key player in this effort is OCP, the former Chérifian Phosphate Office, which has evolved from a simple producer and exporter of phosphate ore to a major investor in water, energy, and infrastructure. This shift is driven by the need to address vulnerabilities in water and energy use associated with phosphate extraction and fertilizer production. OCP has launched a green investment program worth about $13 billion, planned for the period 2023–2027. The initiative aims to increase fertilizer production and develop renewable energy, seawater desalination, and green ammonia production. In the area of water management, OCP has invested heavily in desalination and the reuse of treated wastewater. As of the latest report, OCP Green Water had an installed capacity of 320 million cubic meters, with plans to expand to 610 million cubic meters by 2027. A pipeline over 200 kilometers long transports desalinated water from the Atlantic coast to the main phosphate basin, and in Benguerir, mining facilities use treated wastewater from Marrakech. These facilities also supply drinking water to cities like Safi, El Jadida, southern Casablanca, and Khouribga. OCP also aims to increase its fertilizer production capacity to 20 million tons, which requires securing essential raw materials. To achieve this, the company is expanding its renewable energy capabilities and preparing for green ammonia production in Morocco. This would reduce dependence on imported ammonia, which is sensitive to global gas prices and trade conditions. These efforts are part of a broader industrial policy initiated by Morocco several years ago under the leadership of King Mohammed VI. The Mohammed VI Polytechnic University is conducting research in agriculture, chemistry, materials, and energy technologies, while OCP is exploring new uses for phosphate in battery materials. The goal is to retain more of the value created from a resource that Morocco controls the majority of the world's known reserves. Morocco's approach to water management, particularly through desalination and wastewater reuse, could serve as a model for other countries facing similar challenges. However, the high energy costs of desalination and the expense of building large infrastructure remain hurdles. Fertilizer production is also vulnerable to global price fluctuations and trade tensions. Despite these challenges, Morocco continues to develop the water, energy, research, and industrial capacities needed to maximize the value of its phosphate resources and secure its production capabilities.