Improving access to broadband internet and teaching people how to use it effectively can help reduce the amount of time people spend waiting for goods and services. Research shows that a 10% increase in broadband use in a community can lead to a 1.19% decrease in waiting times. For many Americans, time spent waiting contributes to a condition called "time poverty," where individuals struggle to find enough time for personal needs, work, and rest. This issue is widespread and is associated with poorer health, less community involvement, and greater social inequality. It especially affects lower-income women, who often juggle work and household responsibilities.
The study found that areas with higher broadband adoption rates tend to have shorter waiting times. This is because more businesses, healthcare providers, and government agencies offer online services, allowing people to complete tasks from home. As more individuals handle errands online, physical lines at stores, clinics, and government offices become shorter, benefiting those who still need to visit in person. A 10% increase in broadband use saves each person about 1.5 hours per year. With 24 million Americans without broadband access, a 10% national increase could save around 36.5 million hours annually—equivalent to about $1.2 billion based on average wages.
Women and low-income individuals are particularly affected by time poverty. Women, who often take on the majority of caregiving and household duties, tend to wait not only for themselves but also for others, which results in 20% less leisure time compared to men. Low-income individuals face challenges such as multiple jobs, unpredictable work hours, and poor service quality. Low-income women are especially impacted because they often work for pay while managing household responsibilities.
Technology can be a powerful solution, but it's not a one-size-fits-all fix. The study found that a 10% increase in broadband use could reduce waiting times for women by 11%, saving about 14.4 million hours annually. However, simply improving internet infrastructure may not be enough. The benefits of broadband are most noticeable among middle-income individuals, while low-income people continue to face long wait times regardless of their location's connectivity. High costs or lack of digital skills can prevent them from fully benefiting from better internet access.
Policymakers must consider how to address the unequal impact of broadband access on different groups. The findings highlight the "second digital divide"—not just the gap in access to technology, but also the gap in the ability to use it effectively. Expanding broadband infrastructure alone may not reduce time poverty across all communities. To ensure that everyone benefits, policies should include digital literacy programs, affordability initiatives, and community-based training. These efforts can help people, especially women at all income levels, make the most of digital tools and reduce the time they spend waiting in line.
Broadband Access and Digital Literacy May Reduce Time Poverty for Americans
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