Inrap has launched its tenth scientific and cultural season, focusing on the **Iron Age** and the **Gauls**. This period, spanning roughly 1200 BCE to the 1st century CE, saw the rise of a complex and influential civilization in what is now modern France and surrounding regions. The **Celtic and Gallic civilization** of the Iron Age has likely benefited the most in the last twenty years from the development of preventive archaeology, a practice that involves uncovering and studying historical sites before they are disturbed by construction or other activities. The season includes a selection of resources from excavations spanning seven to eight centuries, offering insights into an original culture and a flourishing economy that may have impressed Julius Caesar, the Roman general who famously described the Gauls in his writings. The season covers various aspects of Gallic civilization, including habitat, urbanism, and territory. The **Celtic and Gallic civilization** saw the emergence of urban phenomena, including colonial or indigenous cities, Celtic principalities, unfortified agglomerations, and oppida, which were fortified settlements. Excavations include the "Artisans' Quarter" at Gergovie, a Gallic settlement in Vendée, the Gallic oppidum of Moulay, a collective Gallic habitat at Ymonville, a Gallic rampart in Charente-Maritime, a Gallic village north of Aquitaine, the Gallic wells of Vieille-Toulouse, and a Gallic quay on the Marne in Chelles. The season also explores cult practices and funeral gestures, including incineration or inhumation tombs, char tombs, "seated Gauls," sanctuaries, and trophies. Specific sites include inhumed seated Gauls on Rue Turgot in Dijon (Côte-d'Or), the phantom cavalry of Gondole, two char tombs in the Oise, the Gallic sanctuary of Saint-Just-en-Chaussée (Oise), an exceptional char tomb in the Ardennes, the silo tombs of Neuville-aux-Bois, Lavau, a 5th century BCE princely Celtic tomb, the Mont Lassois at Vix (Côte-d'Or), a Celtic necropolis in the Aube, and the Gallic sanctuary of Saint-Just. The Gallic society transitioned from a rural domestic production economy to a first urban economy with specialized activities oriented towards exchanges. Topics include salt archaeology, wine archaeology, the archaeology of the Saclay plateau, a settlement of the Iron Age at Caurel (Marne), an experiment with a Gallic salt oven, the excavation of a Gallic farm at Magny (Yonne), under the beach the Gauls, the Gallic farms of Kervouyec (Quimper / Finistère), a fortified Gallic farm in Poitou-Charentes, the Gallic farm of Vitré, Gallic wells, and the example of the Aulnat site in Clermont-Ferrand. The season highlights the craftsmanship of the Gauls, including outstanding artisans in metallurgy, goldsmithing, and the work of glass or wood. The Gauls managed to open up to external influences, especially Mediterranean ones, while maintaining a Celtic identity. Objects such as torques (ornamental neck rings), swords, fibulae (brooches), bracelets, cauldrons, and chariots emerge from their tombs and enter museums. Specific highlights include the rediscovery of the Vix Treasure, the objects from the prince of Lavau's tomb under study, the Gallic art of Trémuson, and the Laniscat treasure (Côtes d'Armor). Exhibitions and museums around the Gaulish season include archaeological sites and partner museums. Topics include Agde, Greek archaeological discoveries from the Rhône to the Pyrenees, and the influence of Greeks and Gauls in Occitanie. Archaeologists share insights into excavations and objects from the Iron Age that have marked them.