Hydrogen is increasingly seen as a key element in the global shift toward cleaner energy, but its environmental benefits depend on how it is produced and transported. Europe is actively working to build a continent-wide hydrogen economy, which requires not only sustainable production methods but also the infrastructure to move hydrogen from where it is made to where it is used. The International Energy Agency (IEA) notes that hydrogen is currently mostly used in industrial settings where it is produced and consumed nearby. However, as demand grows, transporting larger amounts over long distances will become essential. For short distances, options like trucks or compressed gas trailers are common, but for large-scale, regular flows, hydrogen pipelines are considered the most efficient and cost-effective solution. Hydrogen is often described using different "colors," which reflect the method of its production and its environmental impact. The most common form today, known as "gray hydrogen," is produced by reacting methane with steam at high temperatures, a process called steam reforming. This method is inexpensive but releases large amounts of carbon dioxide, making it environmentally harmful. "Blue hydrogen" follows a similar process but includes carbon capture and storage, significantly reducing emissions and classifying it as low-carbon. Another approach, called electrolysis, uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. When powered by renewable energy sources like wind or solar, this process produces "green hydrogen," which is entirely decarbonized. If nuclear energy is used instead, it is referred to as "pink hydrogen," also considered low-carbon. France is playing a central role in developing the European hydrogen infrastructure through projects like HY-FEN, a major hydrogen pipeline network being developed by NaTran, the national gas transport operator. The project plans to build an 820-kilometer pipeline across France, connecting the industrial region of Fos-sur-Mer to the Moselle Valley and spanning five regions. It aims to transport up to 2 million tons of hydrogen annually, with a planned launch in 2032. The pipeline will also link key storage sites, such as the Manosque facility in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, ensuring a steady supply of hydrogen for industries in the south of France. This network is part of a broader European vision, linking France with the Iberian Peninsula and Germany, to create a continent-wide hydrogen system. A recent study by the French hydrogen industry and the firm BDO highlights the potential benefits of expanding hydrogen production in France. It estimates that deploying 8.8 gigawatts of electrolysis capacity by 2035 could reduce the country’s annual fossil fuel consumption by 6% and cut its external energy costs by nearly 5.9 billion euros. This underscores hydrogen’s role not only in decarbonizing the economy but also in enhancing energy security and reducing reliance on imported fuels. As Europe moves toward a hydrogen-based future, the development of efficient production and transport systems will be crucial in achieving both environmental and economic goals.