A recent study published in Cell Reports Sustainability suggests that Europe can significantly cut its greenhouse gas emissions without shutting down its industrial sector. The European Union has pledged to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, which means reducing emissions across all sectors, including industry, which accounted for about 20% of the EU’s total emissions in 2021. Researchers led by Alice Di Bella from the CMCC (Center for Mediterranean Climate Change) explored whether it's possible to both reduce emissions and preserve Europe’s industrial base. The study shows that with the right strategies, this balance can be achieved. The research highlights several practical solutions, such as switching industrial processes to use electricity and green hydrogen—clean energy produced using renewable sources. It also suggests relocating factories to areas with better access to renewable energy and importing semi-finished "green" materials, which are produced with lower emissions. These strategies are designed to reduce the carbon footprint of manufacturing while keeping industrial jobs in Europe. The study emphasizes that decarbonizing industry is technically possible, with electrification playing a key role in this transformation. However, the transition comes with economic challenges, especially in maintaining international competitiveness. The cost of switching to greener technologies can be high, and how policies are designed during the initial phase of this shift will be crucial. The study recommends that public support and targeted subsidies should be used to help industries adapt while retaining existing expertise and jobs. It also points out that importing partially processed materials and completing the final manufacturing steps in Europe could lead to cost savings, making the transition more feasible. To reach these conclusions, the study modeled five of the most energy-intensive sectors in the European economy, integrating them into a comprehensive energy system model. This allowed researchers to test various policy options, including relocating factories, importing green materials, and using subsidies. The findings suggest that building a fully self-sufficient green industrial base within Europe may not be cost-effective. Instead, a more practical approach would involve protecting existing industries while strategically sourcing parts of the supply chain from other regions, ensuring a smoother and more realistic path toward decarbonization.