A quantum computer developed by the French startup Alice & Bob, using what are called "cat qubits," will be available for free to researchers at the CEA’s Très Grand Centre de Calcul (TGCC) starting in 2027. This system, known as Helium, is part of a broader initiative to advance quantum computing in France. The CEA, a public research organization, will host the computer at its facility in Bruyères-le-Châtel. Access will be free for academic and industrial researchers conducting open research, meaning those not involved in confidential projects. The goal is to provide broader access to next-generation quantum technologies and to support the development of fault-tolerant quantum computing, which aims to perform reliable calculations despite the presence of errors.
Helium is a complete quantum computer system, including a chip with 18 cat qubits cooled to near absolute zero (about -273°C), control electronics, and software. It will be installed alongside two other quantum computers, Ruby and Lucy, at the TGCC. In the future, it will be connected to the Joliot-Curie supercomputer, a classical high-performance computing system, and eventually to Alice Recoque, a powerful European "exaflop" supercomputer capable of a billion billion operations per second. The collaboration between Alice & Bob and the CEA is part of the France 2030 national investment plan and the HQI (Hybrid HPC Quantum Initiative), a program with a budget of 72.3 million euros aimed at integrating quantum computing with classical supercomputers.
Alice & Bob’s long-term goal is to build a universal and fault-tolerant quantum computer called Graphene by 2030. This machine would be capable of running any quantum algorithm and performing calculations reliably despite errors. It would feature 100 high-fidelity logical qubits, which are made by combining multiple physical qubits to reduce errors. Helium, with its 18 cat qubits, represents an early step toward this goal. Cat qubits, developed by the founders of Alice & Bob, are designed to naturally correct one of the two main types of errors in quantum computing, known as "bit-flip" errors, which occur when a qubit accidentally switches between its two states, 0 and 1.
While the timeline and technical details of Helium’s capabilities remain to be fully confirmed, the project highlights France’s efforts to establish itself in the global quantum computing race. The collaboration between Alice & Bob, the CEA, and GENCI, the French public organization for high-performance computing, underscores the country's commitment to advancing quantum technology. As the field continues to evolve, the success of projects like Helium will be critical in determining whether 2030 is a realistic target for fault-tolerant quantum computing, especially in the face of competition from companies like IBM and Google.
French Quantum Computing Initiative to Deploy Fault-Tolerant System by 2027
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