Physicists at the University of California, Santa Barbara, have extended their search for microscopic black holes created in collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the world's most powerful particle accelerator located at CERN in Europe. These hypothetical black holes, if they exist, could help explain some of the deepest mysteries in physics, such as the nature of quantum gravity and the structure of spacetime. The search for these tiny, short-lived objects not only tests the limits of our current understanding but also introduces a new method for identifying new particles.
The search for microscopic black holes at the LHC is part of a broader effort to address one of the most puzzling questions in physics: why the universe operates at such a low energy scale compared to the Planck scale, the energy scale where quantum gravity is expected to dominate. Theories suggest that new physics, such as undiscovered symmetries or extra spatial dimensions, might explain this discrepancy. The LHC, with its ability to generate extremely high-energy collisions, offers a unique opportunity to test these ideas. While no new physics has been observed at the LHC so far, the absence of discoveries is itself valuable. It helps rule out certain possibilities and guide future research, just as past experiments paved the way for breakthroughs like Einstein’s theory of relativity.
The idea of black holes forming at the LHC dates back to the 1990s. Some physicists proposed that, under certain conditions, such as the existence of extra spatial dimensions (a concept required in string theory), the immense energy of proton collisions could create quantum black holes. These would be extremely small and would evaporate almost instantly, a process known as Hawking radiation. However, the public often misunderstood the idea, focusing on the possibility of dangerous, stable black holes. In reality, the LHC's black holes, if they exist, would be the result of high-energy collisions and would not pose any threat.
The researchers used two methods to search for signs of black hole production in data collected from 2016 to 2018. One method looked for a "spherical" decay pattern, where energy is released in all directions, a signature expected from black hole evaporation. The other method focused on the total energy of decay products, which would be unusually high for a black hole. To enhance their search, they employed a new technique called "phase-space distance," which uses machine learning to distinguish between signal and background events. This method outperformed traditional approaches and could be applied to future searches for other exotic particles.
Despite not finding evidence of quantum black holes, the study placed important limits on the energy required to create them, ruling out possibilities up to about 12 teraelectronvolts. This helps constrain theoretical models, such as string theory, which posits the existence of extra dimensions. While the search for a unified theory of quantum gravity continues, the work has demonstrated a new analytical tool that could aid in discovering other unknown particles or interactions. The LHC is currently undergoing upgrades that will allow even more detailed studies of the fundamental building blocks of matter and the early universe.
Physicists Expand Search for Quantum Black Holes at LHC
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Original sources:
- 🇺🇸Phys.org



