The electoral campaign for Morocco’s legislative elections officially began on September 10, with 27 political parties vying for 395 parliamentary seats. Over 15 million voters will cast their ballots on September 23 to elect representatives, which will indirectly determine the future head of government. The last legislative elections, held in September 2021, brought Aziz Akhannouch to power as part of a ruling coalition that includes the National Rally of Independents (RNI), the Authenticity and Modernity Party (PAM), and the Istiqlal, a royalist party that originally fought for Morocco’s independence. This coalition now seeks to retain power despite ongoing social and economic challenges in the country. Social issues have become a central theme in this election cycle, especially after the events in Ceuta in August. Thousands of young Moroccans attempted to cross into the Spanish enclave of Ceuta, highlighting the frustration and desperation of a segment of the youth population. Spanish media, including El País, have described the incident as an "electroshock" for Moroccans, emphasizing the deepening social unrest. However, rather than addressing these concerns directly, many political parties have focused on stoking Moroccan nationalism, particularly by advocating for the unlikely recovery of the Spanish enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla. Another factor contributing to public discontent is the three-year anniversary of a devastating earthquake that struck the Al-Haouz region on September 8, 2023, killing over 2,900 people and injuring more than 5,500. Some citizens have expressed frustration over the lack of adequate support for victims. A man in his 70s, speaking to the German channel Deutsche Welle, said he had not received the promised compensation, a sentiment shared by many. According to the National Coordination of Victims of the Al-Haouz earthquake, more than 3,000 families have yet to receive any state assistance. The Justice and Development Party (PJD), an Islamist-oriented group, is aiming to reclaim power after losing the 2021 elections. The party is emphasizing job creation for young people and plans to introduce policies targeting corporate monopolies by increasing taxes on dominant companies. It also criticizes the current government for failing to create jobs, despite reported economic growth. As of 2025, Morocco has 1.6 million unemployed people, with over 37% of young people aged 15 to 24 facing unemployment. The ruling coalition, however, is facing internal divisions. Once close allies, the RNI and PAM have now split and are competing against each other to secure the top position in the election results. Both parties share similar political ideologies, and while some leaders claim they will not reunite, the party that wins the most votes may need to make concessions to form a government, as required by the Moroccan Constitution. Meanwhile, a recent visit by the Spanish king to Ceuta could potentially inflame tensions, adding further complexity to an already volatile political landscape.