An investigation has revealed the organized strategies used by the food industry to influence elected officials, scientific research, and public opinion. These efforts have shaped policies related to nutrition labeling, such as the Nutri-Score system introduced in France in 2015. Despite its implementation, several measures aimed at improving nutritional quality, including taxation of overly sweet products, regulation of advertising targeting children, and the mandatory use of the Nutri-Score logo, were abandoned under industry pressure. At the European level, a proposed harmonized nutritional logo has not been implemented.
The investigation, detailed in the book From Lobbies to the Menu. Food Industry Companies Against Public Health (Raisons d’agir, 2022), reveals that the food industry has engaged in intense political activities to influence public decisions, often long before they are made. These strategies span science, politics, media, philanthropy, and justice, with industry-funded organizations steering public institutions and shaping public perception.
The influence of the food industry extends beyond conflicts of interest, touching on cultural and democratic issues. These activities often occur outside transparent frameworks, contributing to distrust in both decision-makers and the industry. Current French regulations, which address individual conflicts of interest, are seen as insufficient to address the broader mechanisms at play. A more comprehensive regulatory approach is proposed, focusing on the industry's overall strategies.
In the field of knowledge, the food industry funds research and builds relationships with scientists to promote certain findings while downplaying others. The method of "manufacturing doubt," used by the tobacco industry, is also employed, where uncertainties in science are emphasized to challenge inconvenient studies. For example, when research suggests that sugar could be addictive, industry representatives argue that such studies are based solely on animal models.
The industry also shifts responsibility onto consumers rather than producers, promoting concepts like "dietary diversity" to redirect attention from product composition to consumer behavior. These arguments are disseminated to influence elected officials through events such as breakfast debates and parliamentary conferences, facilitated by organizations like the Club de la table française.
Public opinion and media are influenced through press trips and public relations campaigns, such as transforming Place de la République into a pasture to highlight the livestock-meat sector's contribution to biodiversity. Economic actors sometimes draft legislative texts or replace decision-makers by ensuring the design or implementation of public action programs, such as funding sports equipment or physical activity initiatives.
The industry also engages in an economy of credit and discredit, associating with valued causes to enhance their public image while silencing critics through legal action or threats. Researchers and activists have been sued or faced defamation charges for exposing industry practices.
To address these issues, two proposals are suggested: establishing a transparency register for the agro-food sector similar to the Transparence Santé database for the pharmaceutical industry and expanding the Fund for the Fight Against Addictions to include funding from the food industry for nutritional research and prevention efforts.
Food Industry's Influence on Policy and Public Health Under Scrutiny
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food-industrypublic-healthnutrition-labelinglobbyingnutri-scoretransparency



