ADHD prevalence in children

According to the French High Health Authority (HAS), approximately 5% of children have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with or without hyperactivity. This condition is more commonly recognized today, but it is still underdiagnosed in girls compared to boys.

ADHD symptoms in girls

When ADHD is mentioned, people often think of motor hyperactivity or impulsivity, signs more frequently seen in boys. In girls, the disorder can present differently, with symptoms like forgetfulness, small clumsiness, or inattention, which may go unnoticed compared to more obvious hyperactive behaviors.

Internalized hyperactivity in girls

Hyperactivity can also be present in girls, but it is often "internalized." This may manifest as intrusive thoughts, a need to be constantly active, or internal restlessness that is hard to detect from the outside. Girls may appear always engaged in activities like drawing, reading, or cycling, showing a constant need for stimulation.

Social expectations and ADHD in girls

Social expectations can influence how ADHD is perceived. An agitated boy may raise concerns, while a more dreamy girl might be seen as simply daydreaming or diligent. This difference in perception can lead to the underestimation of girls' difficulties and delay diagnosis.

Compensation strategies for girls with ADHD

To cope with ADHD-related challenges, young girls may use strategies like checking their backpack multiple times, rereading homework, or using reminders. While these help manage symptoms, they can also cause fatigue, stress, and even mask ADHD with anxiety, potentially delaying diagnosis.

ADHD in school settings

In primary school, some girls may maintain good academic performance due to a structured environment. However, the transition to secondary school can be challenging, as increased demands on organization and attention may lead to academic difficulties and a loss of confidence.

Management of ADHD

Once diagnosed, ADHD management is tailored to each individual's symptoms and needs. It may include medication, parental support, behavioral strategies, or school accommodations. Cognitive behavioral therapy is often recommended for comorbid conditions like anxiety and can also benefit ADHD management.

Improved awareness and research

In recent years, awareness of ADHD in girls and young women has improved, leading to better identification and management of the disorder. A European working group, the ADHD Women Project, launched in 2020, aims to provide tailored recommendations for diagnosis and treatment, offering hope for better support in the future.