Morocco endured a severe and prolonged drought from 2019 to 2024, marked by six consecutive years of below-average rainfall—the longest such period in the country's recorded history. The 2023–24 hydrological year was the driest in over six decades, with total rainfall across the nation amounting to just 106.4 millimeters—roughly the amount of rain that would fall in a single day in many other regions. This has led to a sharp decline in per capita renewable water availability, now at about 620 cubic meters per year, which is below the threshold for water stress. Overuse of groundwater sources has also caused several aquifers to drop to critically low levels. However, the winter of 2025–26 brought an unexpected and significant rainfall event, ending the seven-year drought. Reservoirs, which had been nearly empty, began to refill quickly, and rivers that had dried up in previous years resumed their flow.
A powerful El Niño event is currently forming in the Pacific Ocean, which has raised questions about its possible effects on northwestern Africa, including Morocco. Scientists are examining the role of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), a climate pattern that affects the position of the jet stream and the movement of Atlantic storms. In the winter of 2025–26, a weaker pressure gradient and a jet stream shifted southward redirected storm tracks toward Morocco, bringing moist air and heavy rainfall, especially over the Sebou basin in the northeast of the country.
The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) predicts a very strong El Niño this winter, with the likelihood exceeding 90%. Most climate models suggest this could be one of the strongest El Niño events on record. Strong El Niño winters can shift the NAO into a negative phase, potentially moving Atlantic storms further south and increasing the chances of another wet winter for Morocco. However, the relationship between El Niño and rainfall in North Africa is not straightforward. The influence of the Pacific on European weather is indirect and often inconsistent, and it can be overshadowed by natural variability in the North Atlantic.
Despite decades of research, scientists have struggled to find a clear and reliable link between El Niño and rainfall patterns in the Mediterranean region. The winter of 2025–26 highlights this uncertainty, as the dramatic shift in atmospheric circulation that brought rain to Morocco was primarily driven by conditions in the North Atlantic, not a direct signal from the Pacific. The interaction between the Pacific and North Atlantic has fluctuated over time, making it a poor predictor of weather for any single season. The 2023–24 El Niño had also shown this unpredictability, as forecasters expected the NAO to shift into a negative phase, which it never did.
As a result, northwestern Africa now faces another season of uncertainty. While El Niño may influence the odds of rain, it does not guarantee specific weather outcomes. The region's climate is shaped by a complex mix of factors, and predicting the future of rainfall remains a challenging task for scientists and forecasters.
North Africa's Drought and Flood Patterns Amid Potential Super El Niño
AI-rewritten from original reportingHow it works
moroccodroughtel-ninoweather-patternsnorth-atlanticclimate
Original sources:
- 🇺🇸Phys.org



