Microscopic engraving on tardigrades

Researchers at Westlake University in China have developed a method to engrave microscopic patterns on dried tardigrades without killing all of them. The technique uses a thin layer of gelatinous anisole to protect the tardigrades' outer covering during exposure to an electron beam.

Survival rate after engraving

Approximately 40 percent of the tardigrades survived the rehydration process after engraving, and they showed no change in behavior. The patterns, as fine as 72 nanometers, remained intact even after stretching, soaking, and drying.

Cryptobiosis and freezing process

The study, published in Nano Letters in 2025, relied on the tardigrades' ability to enter cryptobiosis, a state of suspended life that allows them to survive extreme conditions. The researchers cooled the animals to minus 143 degrees Celsius to stabilize their bodies for manipulation under vacuum.

Protective layer and electron beam impact

The gelatinous anisole layer acts as a shield during the engraving process. It transforms into a biocompatible compound that sticks to the tardigrade's cuticle. A beam of 3 kiloelectronvolts could cause excessive damage, but the untouched portion of the layer sublimates, leaving the pattern behind.

Complex patterns and broader applications

The researchers engraved squares, points, lines, and even their university's logo directly onto the tardigrades. They also created nanowires, microdiscs, and complex square networks on other specimens. This technique builds on earlier work but applies it directly to a living organism that can survive the process.

Future research and potential uses

Ding Zhao, a co-author of the study, says the team is now trying to apply this method to other organisms, including bacteria. The technique could have applications beyond simple engravings, suggesting potential uses in biotechnology and materials science.