China proposes export limits on solar tech

China has proposed export restrictions on 12 photovoltaic technologies, including those used in producing perovskite and tandem high-efficiency solar cells, as well as advanced processes for polysilicon, wafers, and crystalline silicon cells. These measures are part of Joint Announcement No. 48 of 2026, with a public consultation period open until November 15.

Details of restricted technologies

The proposed restrictions cover production processes and technologies for perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells using wafers of at least 182 mm and a conversion efficiency of 30% or higher. They also include slot-die coating processes for perovskites with a coating width of at least 1.1 meters. These controls apply to technologies meeting these criteria, not the export of finished modules.

Other restricted technologies

Among the technologies under consideration are cold hydrogenation processes for trichlorosilane production with annual capacities of at least 250,000 tons, and fluidized bed processes based on silane with an annual capacity of 20,000 tons. The proposal also includes processes for silicon wafers no thicker than 70 micrometers and certain edge passivation technologies for thin crystalline silicon cells.

Engineering and manufacturing processes targeted

The restrictions cover engineering technologies for polysilicon production facilities with annual capacities of at least 30,000 tons, as well as advanced processes for crystal growth and wafer cutting. High-performance manufacturing processes for solar cells like TOPCon, BC, and HJT are also included, along with deposition, passivation, diffusion, and metallization processes.

Export requirements and regulations

Under Chinese regulations, prohibited technologies cannot be exported, while restricted technologies require government authorization and licenses. Since October 16, companies must register planned exports of listed technologies through the Chinese Ministry of Commerce’s online system. This applies to intellectual property transfers, foreign technology licensing, and ownership changes involving foreign entities.

Rationale and implications

The Chinese Ministry of Commerce states the proposals aim to address national security concerns, as photovoltaic technologies are increasingly used in aerospace and defense. The measures do not target specific countries, regions, or companies, and finished products made with controlled technologies are not affected.

Potential impact on global solar industry

If implemented, the measures could bolster China’s position in advanced photovoltaic manufacturing by limiting foreign access to sophisticated production technologies. While the export of solar cells and finished modules would remain unaffected, the transfer of manufacturing expertise might require authorization or be prohibited. This could delay foreign projects, increase compliance costs, and limit the global spread of China’s advanced solar technologies.