Facing a growing need for organ transplants, France’s Ethics Committee (CCNE) has called for stronger organization and new strategies to address the rising demand. In a recent report published on September 15, the committee emphasized that current systems are not fully utilizing available resources, leaving patients at higher risk of losing their lives while waiting for transplants. The number of patients on the transplant waiting list has risen by 50% in less than a decade, reaching nearly 24,000 at the start of 2026. Although France achieved a record high with 6,148 transplants in 2025, 966 patients still died due to the lack of available organs. The committee, led by Jean-François Delfraissy, argues that this situation is not inevitable, citing Spain’s success in significantly improving its transplant rates as a model for France to follow. To address these challenges, the CCNE has proposed seven key reforms aimed at improving the entire transplant process, from prevention to post-transplant care. These recommendations include improving coordination at hospitals, expanding networks to facilitate organ procurement, and increasing the number of potential donors by systematically registering those who might be eligible. The report, co-authored by Professor Jacques Duranteau and Yvanie Caillé of the Renaloo association, also highlights the need to increase living donations—particularly from close relatives—since this practice is less common in France compared to other countries. Additionally, the committee suggests allowing non-directed kidney donations, where a donor gives a kidney without knowing the recipient, a practice already used in the United Kingdom and found to have increased transplant opportunities. As reluctance among families of potential deceased donors continues to rise, the CCNE recommends strengthening public awareness and education, especially among younger generations. This is seen as crucial in increasing the number of organ donors. The report also explores the potential of xenotransplantation—the use of animal organs in human patients—as a future solution. This would involve using genetically modified pig organs, which are increasingly being studied due to their anatomical similarity to human organs and the availability of large pig populations. The committee supports research in this area under strict ethical, scientific, and health guidelines, following a 2025 call by the Academy of Medicine for a national plan on xenotransplantation. The report stresses that such research must address concerns about disease transmission, animal welfare, and patient safety before any clinical use. While the CCNE does not see xenotransplantation as a replacement for human organ donation, it could serve as a complementary option for patients who cannot receive a human transplant or are waiting for one. For example, patients with kidney failure might benefit from a pig kidney transplant while waiting for a human donor. Renaloo, a patient advocacy group, is now awaiting the implementation of these recommendations in public policy and future bioethics discussions. Globally, research on xenotransplantation is growing, with the U.S. already conducting clinical trials on pig kidney transplants in humans since 2021. As advances in gene editing and immune system control continue, the once-fictional idea of animal-to-human transplants is becoming increasingly feasible.