France tightens cadmium limits in fertilizers

The French government has announced earlier-than-expected reductions in cadmium levels in phosphate fertilizers, with new limits set for 2027, 2028, and 2030. The new regulations aim to reduce cadmium content to 60 mg per kilogram in 2027, 40 mg/kg in 2028, and 20 mg/kg in 2030.

Health concerns drive the change

The decision follows health alerts and studies highlighting the exposure of the French population to cadmium, primarily through food. The National Agency for Food Safety (Anses) had previously pointed out the significant exposure, while studies by Santé publique France and an open letter from private doctors to the Prime Minister in 2025 emphasized the health risks associated with cadmium.

France lags behind EU standards

The current French limit for cadmium in fertilizers is 90 mg/kg, while the European Union has had a threshold of 60 mg/kg for four years. Some countries, like Hungary and Finland, already enforce a stricter 20 mg/kg limit. However, the schedule for the reduction in France may be adjusted based on technological, economic, and supply concerns.

Cadmium remains in soil long after reduction

Reducing cadmium in fertilizers can help lower new inputs to the soil, but it does not eliminate existing cadmium, which can remain in the soil for decades and continue to contaminate crops. Factors such as soil acidity, type of soil, and cultivated varieties influence the extent of contamination.

Experts suggest alternative solutions

Dr. Pierre Souvet, president of the Association Santé Environnement France (ASEF), suggests exploring other paths, such as reducing nitrogen fertilization of certain soils, which can increase soil acidity and thus the flow of cadmium to plants.

Dietary choices can reduce cadmium exposure

Foods such as bread, cereals, pasta, and potatoes remain significant sources of cadmium. To reduce exposure, it is recommended to adopt a varied diet, limit the consumption of wheat-based products and sweet and salty cereals, and reduce the intake of foods most contaminated by cadmium, including offal, shellfish, seaweed, and chocolate. Introducing more legumes into meals and varying the origin of foods can also help mitigate cadmium intake.