Evolution of livestock farming in Brittany

A retrospective analysis by the Bretagne Agricultural Chamber shows how research, support, and collective efforts have shaped livestock farming in Brittany over the past thirty years, with a focus on animal health and welfare in pig farming. These changes were driven by evolving societal expectations, new regulations, and health crises, leading to a more sustainable and humane industry.

Key actors in agricultural transformation

The study identifies three main groups of actors involved in the diffusion of innovations in farming. Technical institutes, INRAE, and agricultural chambers produce knowledge and support the dissemination of new practices. Public authorities and industry organizations shape regulations and guide investments. Finally, farmers and industry operators implement these innovations on the ground.

Improvements in animal housing and welfare

One of the most visible changes has been in animal housing. Since the 2000s, the use of group housing for pregnant sows has increased from 10% of farms in 2003 to 100% within a decade. Experimental projects from the 1980s helped develop better equipment and practices. Enrichment of pens and tools like BEEP, a system for evaluating animal welfare, have become standard. The industry has also moved away from painful practices such as tail docking and castration, improving both animal welfare and farm conditions.

Reduction in antibiotic use and improved biosecurity

The implementation of better sanitary prevention strategies has led to a 67% decrease in antibiotic use between 2011 and 2022. Farmers now use biosecurity measures, vaccination, and monitoring tools to protect their herds. These efforts have strengthened the industry’s ability to respond to threats like African swine fever and have enabled the growth of "antibiotic-free" supply chains, which accounted for 15% of production in 2020.

Investments and skill development

The transition to improved farming practices required significant investments, with compliance with new housing standards for pregnant sows costing nearly 300 million euros in Brittany. Alongside economic changes, the development of technical expertise in areas like biosecurity and health management has made the profession more attractive and improved working conditions for farmers and employees.

Challenges in adopting new practices

While some innovations, like group housing for sows, were quickly adopted, others, such as the cessation of tail docking or the shift to free maternity management, required more time and support. The study highlights that successful and lasting change depends on a solid reference base, technical assistance, and a coherent regulatory environment. This process involves long-term collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders.

Evaluation of research and development impact

The study used a method developed by INRAE and adapted by technical institutes and the Ministry of Agriculture to evaluate the societal impact of research on five dimensions: economy, health, politics, environment, and society. This approach combined scientific analysis with in-depth interviews with farmers, advisors, and industry leaders to assess the effectiveness of innovations and identify future research needs.