An archaeological team composed of Spanish and Egyptian researchers, led by Catalan Egyptologist Josep Cervelló, has uncovered a mastaba in Saqqara, a vast necropolis located southwest of Cairo. This tomb dates back to the end of the Fifth Dynasty of ancient Egypt, around 2494 to 2345 BCE. The tomb belongs to Yunmen, a high-ranking official who served Pharaoh Djedkare Isesi. Yunmen’s father, Iti, a lower-ranking official, was also buried in the same area. The tomb features a medium-sized mastaba with two funerary chapels on its eastern side. The northern chapel is dedicated to Yunmen, who held roles such as judge and head of scribes, while the southern chapel belongs to Iti, whose duties were related to managing agricultural lands and offerings.
One of the most remarkable discoveries is the excellent preservation of the funerary reliefs, which have retained their original pigments despite being buried under sand for over 4,000 years. The tomb's facade includes funerary texts, an offering formula, and a depiction of the tomb owner in formal attire. The walls are adorned with reliefs showing agricultural scenes and processions of offerings, many of which still display their original ochre red color. However, the chapel of Iti has suffered more damage, with only partial remains of a false door and colored offering scenes visible.
This site had been noted as early as the 19th century, but it was never excavated in detail. Auguste Mariette, a French Egyptologist and founder of the Egyptian Antiquities Service, mapped the area and identified this mastaba in the mid-1800s. Despite this, the site remained untouched for over 160 years. Saqqara, one of Egypt's most thoroughly studied archaeological sites, is home to numerous structures, including step pyramids and ancient tombs. The irony is that the extensive research over the past century has created a blind spot—this particular mastaba had been overlooked despite being clearly marked on old maps.
The discovery suggests a social transformation: Yunmen, the son of a provincial scribe, rose to a high-ranking position and chose to honor his father by including him in his tomb, rather than erasing his memory. The Spanish-Egyptian team has now completed the excavation and documentation of both chapels, something not done since Mariette first identified the site. Their goal is to reconstruct the full layout of this section of the necropolis, known as the "Mariette Necropolis," in a tribute to the archaeologist who overlooked it. By analyzing historical plans and conducting field surveys, the researchers believe they have identified traces of two more unexcavated mastabas nearby. As work continues, more officials from the Old Kingdom may be uncovered, waiting for someone to uncover their stories from beneath the sand.
Archaeologists Uncover Well-Preserved Mastaba in Saqqara Necropolis
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