In 2025, France recorded just over 2,000 gamete donations—meaning donations of eggs and sperm—despite a significant rise in demand. Five years after the implementation of the bioethics law, which allowed medically assisted procreation (AMP) to female couples and single women, the Agency of Biomedicine reported that the need for gametes has grown six times since 2021. While the number of donors has increased, it remains insufficient to meet the demand in a timely manner. In 2025, 1,050 women donated their eggs, a 13% increase from the previous year, and 1,015 men donated sperm, a slight decline but still higher than in 2023. However, the agency noted that the current number of donors is not enough to fulfill all requests in a satisfactory timeframe.
The demand for gametes has surged dramatically. In 2025 alone, the Agency of Biomedicine recorded over 11,700 requests from female couples and single women, and 1,350 from heterosexual couples. Since the law was enacted in 2021, there have been nearly 60,000 requests and more than 43,000 attempts at medically assisted procreation. Cécile Lemaître, director of procreation, embryology, and human genetics at the agency, said the increase in demand was not fully anticipated. At the end of 2025, more than 8,700 people were still waiting for a sperm donation, and nearly 2,650 were waiting for an egg donation.
To reduce the waiting times, the agency says it would need to increase the number of sperm donors by a third and double the number of egg donors. Cécile Lemaître explained that the long waiting times are due to "the congestion of the system" and the limited availability of gametes. These delays are especially pronounced for people from diverse backgrounds. While France does not collect ethnic statistics, it is known that applicants often seek donors with similar skin tones, which can significantly increase waiting times—by a third or even double in some cases.
The shortage of gamete donors has raised concerns about the ability of the French healthcare system to meet the growing demand for medically assisted procreation. As more people seek access to AMP, the challenge lies in encouraging more individuals to consider becoming donors. The agency continues to work on strategies to increase participation, though the current gap between supply and demand remains a pressing issue.
Gamete Donations in France Fall Short of Meeting Rising Demand
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