The concept of "hybrid war" is no longer seen as sufficient to describe the current actions of Russia and the United States in Europe, according to an article in Le Grand Continent. Originally, the term referred to a mix of traditional military tactics and unconventional methods like cyberattacks, propaganda, and sabotage. However, it has increasingly been linked to Russian activities in Europe, even though similar tactics are also used by other countries. This narrowing of the term has led to confusion, as it often focuses on the technical methods rather than the underlying political motives.
In recent years, "hybrid war" has become a prominent term in European political discussions, especially with the upcoming French presidential election. The head of the Direction générale de la Sécurité Intérieure (DGSI), France's internal security agency, has warned that more direct and violent hybrid actions could re-emerge by April 2027. However, the article argues that the term has been overused and does not fully capture the broader political goals behind such actions.
The article suggests that the current threats to Europe go beyond destabilizing governments or attacking infrastructure. Instead, they aim to undermine the political systems and core values that underpin European democracies. This shift from a technical to a political analysis indicates that adversaries are trying to influence European decision-making and weaken democratic institutions from within.
To better understand these threats, the article proposes a new concept: "political war." This framework focuses on the motivations and strategic decisions behind interference, rather than the specific tools used. It includes both Russian actions and those of the Trump administration, which have increasingly aligned in supporting non-democratic movements in Europe. Examples include support for Viktor Orbán in Hungary and funding for European organizations with pro-MAGA (Make America Great Again) orientations.
The article traces the roots of political warfare back to the Cold War rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States. Both sides developed strategies to influence European politics, using digital and social media campaigns to shape public opinion. Today, these strategies have converged, with both Russia and the Trump administration supporting illiberal movements and using social unrest to advance their ideological goals.
The article concludes that Europe is facing a dual challenge from both Russia and the Trump administration, which seek to reduce European independence and reshape the continent according to their own interests. Despite their different objectives, the convergence of these strategies poses a major risk to European security and political stability.
European Security Faced with Converging Threats from Russia and U.S. Influence
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